Understand, measure, and reduce your greenhouse gas emissions across all three scopes. Click any scope card below to learn how it works — then access the tool to start tracking.
Select Your Scope
Each scope covers a different tier of your organization's emissions. Click a card to learn more — or go straight to the tool.
Emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by your organization — on-site combustion, company vehicles, and fugitive releases.
Direct ControlIndirect emissions from the purchase of electricity, steam, heating, and cooling that is consumed by your organization's operations.
Energy IndirectAll other indirect emissions across your entire value chain — upstream suppliers to downstream product use and end-of-life disposal.
Full Value ChainThe Process
Define your reporting period and organizational scope — equity share or operational control.
Gather fuel consumption, electricity bills, travel logs, and supply chain data.
Multiply activity data by emission factors to get your CO₂e totals per source.
Aggregate, verify, and build your decarbonization roadmap from the baseline.
Emissions that come directly from sources your organization owns or controls — the most straightforward category to measure and act on.
Scope 1 covers all direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources owned or controlled by your company. If you own it and it emits, it's Scope 1.
These emissions arise from combustion of fossil fuels in boilers, furnaces, and vehicles, from process emissions during manufacturing, and from fugitive releases like refrigerant leaks.
Scope 1 is typically the smallest of the three scopes for most service organizations, but can be the largest for manufacturing and industrial companies. It is also the scope over which you have the most direct control — making it the natural starting point for emission reduction strategies.
Key GHGs in Scope 1: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Methane (CH₄), Nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases such as HFCs and SF₆ — all converted to CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) for reporting.
Measuring Scope 1 emissions requires collecting activity data for each source type, then multiplying by the appropriate emission factor.
List every piece of equipment and vehicle your organization owns that burns fuel or releases refrigerants. Use asset registers and facility floor plans.
Collect fuel purchase invoices, meter readings, and logbooks. Typical units: litres of diesel/petrol, m³ of natural gas, tonnes of coal.
Use nationally approved emission factors (e.g., DEFRA for UK, EPA for US, MoEFCC for India). Match factor to fuel type and combustion technology.
Multiply activity data × emission factor for each source. Sum all sources to get total Scope 1 CO₂e for the reporting period.
Record all assumptions, data sources, and emission factors used. Arrange third-party verification if needed for regulatory or public reporting.
These best practices will help your Scope 1 inventory be more accurate, credible, and actionable.
Ready to track Scope 1? Sign in to start logging your direct emission sources.
Access Scope 1 Tool →Emissions caused by the generation of electricity, steam, heat, or cooling that your organization purchases and consumes — but occur at the power plant or utility, not your site.
Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from the generation of purchased energy. Although these emissions physically occur at the power station, they are attributed to your organization because you consume the energy.
There are two approaches to calculating Scope 2 under the GHG Protocol: the location-based method (average grid intensity for the region) and the market-based method (specific contractual instruments like RECs and PPAs).
Scope 2 is often the largest scope for office-based organizations. It is also highly actionable — switching to renewable energy tariffs, installing solar panels, or purchasing RECs directly reduces your Scope 2 figure under the market-based method.
Why it matters: For many companies, electricity alone accounts for 50–80% of total reported emissions. Reducing Scope 2 through renewable energy procurement is one of the fastest, most measurable ways to cut your carbon footprint.
Scope 2 requires two parallel calculations — one location-based and one market-based — and reporting both under GHG Protocol guidelines.
Gather all electricity, steam, heat, and cooling invoices for the reporting period. Include all sites, floors, and metered sub-units.
Multiply kWh consumed by the average grid emission factor for your country/region (e.g., India grid: ~0.82 kg CO₂e/kWh from CEA). Sum all sites.
Apply supplier-specific or contract-specific emission factors (zero for certified renewables). If no instrument exists, use residual mix or grid average.
Deduct self-generated solar or wind energy consumed on-site — this reduces your purchased electricity volume, not added as a credit.
GHG Protocol requires companies report both location-based and market-based totals. Disclose which RECs or PPAs were used.
Scope 2 offers some of the most cost-effective and high-visibility emission reduction opportunities available to organizations.
Ready to track Scope 2? Sign in to log your purchased energy consumption.
Access Scope 2 Tool →The broadest and most complex category — covering all indirect emissions in your upstream supply chain and downstream product life cycle across 15 standardized GHG Protocol categories.
Scope 3 emissions are all the indirect emissions that occur in a company's value chain — not in your own operations, but as a consequence of your activities. For most companies, Scope 3 is 70–90% of their total carbon footprint.
The GHG Protocol divides Scope 3 into 8 upstream categories (activities before your operations) and 7 downstream categories (activities after your operations), for a total of 15 standardized categories.
Because Scope 3 spans your entire supply chain, it typically requires engagement with suppliers, customers, and logistics partners. Data quality varies widely — from primary supplier data to spend-based estimates using emission intensity databases like Exiobase or USEEIO.
Why Premium? Scope 3 tracking requires significantly more data inputs, supplier engagement, and analytical depth. Our Premium tool includes supplier data integration, all 15 category templates, and a full audit trail for third-party verification.
The GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain Standard defines 15 distinct Scope 3 categories. Premium members can track all of them in the tool.
Scope 3 measurement is more complex than Scope 1 & 2 because it relies on data from outside your direct control. Four main calculation methods are available.
Collect actual emission data directly from your suppliers (product-level carbon footprints). Highest accuracy — best for Tier 1 suppliers.
Combine supplier-specific data with secondary data for gaps. Most practical approach — balance accuracy and feasibility.
Use industry-average emission factors per unit of material or product (e.g., kg CO₂e per tonne of steel). Good for early-stage inventories.
Apply emission intensity factors to financial spend (kg CO₂e per ₹1,000 spend). Lowest accuracy — use only where no other data is available.
Use a spend-based screen first to identify your top 3–5 material categories (typically 80% of Scope 3). Focus detailed measurement there.
Send supplier questionnaires or use platforms like CDP Supply Chain to collect primary emission data from your highest-spend vendors.
Align with Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) — they require companies to cover at least 67% of Scope 3 in their net-zero targets.
Scope 3 is where the biggest emission reduction opportunities lie — and where the biggest competitive advantage in sustainability reporting is created.
Scope 3 is a Premium feature. Purchase access to unlock all 15 category trackers.
Access Scope 3 Tool →